{
  "meta": {
    "ranking": "THE Sustainability Impact Ratings",
    "sdg": 15,
    "sdg_title": "Life on Land",
    "methodology_version": "2026 v1.0",
    "methodology_url": "https://www.timeshighereducation.com/cms-academic/sites/default/files/2025-08/THE.SustainabilityImpactRantings.METHODOLOGY.2026.v1.pdf",
    "institution": "IMT Atlantique",
    "contribution_scope": "Biodiversity contribution to a potential THE Impact Rankings submission. Compiled by Frédéric Pallu (Ingénieur général des Mines affecté à IMT Atlantique) across actions delivered at, for, or piloted by him on the three campuses within his institutional mission. Does not substitute for the complete institutional submission. Sections not covered by this contribution are explicitly identified.",
    "scope_exclusions": [
      "iNaturalist observations recorded outside IMT Atlantique campus footprints and outside the La Chantrerie area (immediate environment of the Nantes campus)",
      "Personal naturalist expertise and association field trips conducted outside any IMT mandate (LPO, Bretagne Vivante, GRETIA personal work)",
      "Personal academic credentials of the author (VAE MSc MNHN, DU Lorraine, DESU AMU/IMBE)",
      "Personal citizen contributions to public consultations on urban planning or environmental projects outside IMT mandate",
      "IMT Atlantique biodiversity actions led by other staff without the author's involvement (energy, waste, mobility, catering, social policy)"
    ],
    "inat_inclusion_rule": "Only iNaturalist observations geolocated within the IMT Atlantique campus footprints and within the La Chantrerie area (immediate environment of the Nantes campus) are used. The author's full ~8,000 observations across western France are not used as evidence without geographic filtering.",
    "campuses": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
    "generated": "2026-05-18",
    "author": {
      "name": "Frédéric Pallu",
      "role": "Ingénieur général des Mines affecté à IMT Atlantique",
      "url": "https://fredericpallu.com"
    }
  },
  "scoring_rules": {
    "per_question_max": 3,
    "breakdown": {
      "statement": 1,
      "evidence": 1,
      "evidence_is_public": 1,
      "reviewed_2020_2024": 1
    },
    "evidence_scoring": {
      "specific": 1.0,
      "general": 0.5,
      "not_relevant": 0
    },
    "llm_validation": "2026 rule: evidence must be self-contained on the submitted page. The validator (LLM + human) does not follow further links. Pages that are primarily link lists are rejected."
  },
  "metrics": [
    {
      "id": "15.1",
      "title": "Research on land ecosystems",
      "weight_in_sdg": 0.27,
      "weight_overall": 0.0702,
      "covered_by_this_contribution": false,
      "coverage_note": "Bibliometric indicators derived from Elsevier Scopus / SciVal. Outside the scope of a personal biodiversity contribution. Must be supplied by IMT Atlantique's research department.",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "15.1.1",
          "label": "Life on Land: CiteScore",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Proportion of university publications appearing in the top 10% of journals by CiteScore.",
          "max_points": 0,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.10,
          "weight_overall": 0.0260,
          "coverage": "research_dept_required",
          "response_text": "Not in scope of this contribution.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": null, "justification": "Bibliometric — must be supplied by Direction de la Recherche via Scopus/SciVal." },
          "gap": "Direction de la Recherche (Scopus/SciVal export) — query SDG 15 mapping."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.1.2",
          "label": "Life on Land: FWCI",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Field-Weighted Citation Impact of publications on land ecosystems and biodiversity research, normalised by type, year and subject.",
          "max_points": 0,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.10,
          "weight_overall": 0.0260,
          "coverage": "research_dept_required",
          "response_text": "Not in scope of this contribution.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": null, "justification": "Bibliometric — Direction de la Recherche." },
          "gap": "Direction de la Recherche."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.1.3",
          "label": "Life on Land: publications",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Number of publications addressing life on land, including land ecosystems, biodiversity and land-sensitive waste disposal.",
          "max_points": 0,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.07,
          "weight_overall": 0.0182,
          "coverage": "research_dept_required",
          "response_text": "Not in scope of this contribution.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": null, "justification": "Bibliometric — Direction de la Recherche." },
          "gap": "Direction de la Recherche."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "15.2",
      "title": "Supporting land ecosystems through education",
      "weight_in_sdg": 0.23,
      "weight_overall": 0.0598,
      "covered_by_this_contribution": true,
      "coverage_note": "Largely covered for 15.2.1, 15.2.3 and 15.2.4. Partial for 15.2.5 (agriculture outreach). 15.2.2 (sustainably farmed food) is outside scope — facilities/catering. 15.2.6 (tourism) is not applicable.",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "15.2.1",
          "label": "Events about sustainable use of land",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Support or organise events aimed to promote conservation and sustainable utilisation of the land, including forests and wild land.",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.046,
          "weight_overall": 0.0120,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of events", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "covered",
          "response_text": "IMT Atlantique supports and organises recurring conservation events on all three campuses (Brest, Nantes, Rennes), embedded in formal partnerships with regional conservation NGOs. Key event series 2021–2026: (1) LPO Refuge labelling renewed every three years on all three campuses (current cycle 2025–2026), including annual bird-monitoring sessions open to staff and students; (2) Bretagne Vivante REGAIN charter signed 15 November 2021 — IMT Atlantique is the first French higher-education institution accredited under this charter, with the labelling renewed annually by tacit renewal and IMT Atlantique featured in the Bretagne Vivante REGAIN newsletter of July 2023; (3) GRETIA entomological field sessions (six sessions June–August 2024 on wild bees, butterflies, ladybirds; PROPAGE transects deployed; report May 2025); (4) Fédération des Amis de l'Erdre amphibian field sessions on Nantes campus pond network (convention signed 15 January 2023); (5) Bumblebee identification training session 14 February 2026 (30+ volunteers, jointly led by Gilles Mahé for Bretagne Vivante and Baptiste Hubert for GRETIA, contributing to the regional Red List of bumblebees of Pays-de-la-Loire). All events are documented with dates, locations, attendees and partner contacts on the public page indicated below.",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-001", "E-SDG15-002", "E-SDG15-003", "E-SDG15-004", "E-SDG15-005", "E-SDG15-024"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 3, "justification": "Existence (1) + specific evidence with dated events and named partners (1) + publicly accessible on fredericpallu.com (1)." },
          "gap": null
        },
        {
          "id": "15.2.2",
          "label": "Sustainably farmed food on campus",
          "year": "in place by 2024",
          "question_text": "Have policies to ensure that food on campus is sustainably farmed.",
          "max_points": 4,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.046,
          "weight_overall": 0.0120,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of policies", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Policy created or reviewed 2020–2024", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "not_covered_by_contribution",
          "response_text": "Not in scope of this contribution. Catering procurement and sustainable food policy are managed by IMT Atlantique facilities management (Direction du Patrimoine / restauration universitaire) — to be supplied separately.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": null, "justification": "Out of scope." },
          "gap": "Direction du Patrimoine / restauration universitaire."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.2.3",
          "label": "Maintain and extend current ecosystems' biodiversity",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Work directly to maintain and extend existing ecosystems and their biodiversity, of both plants and animals, especially ecosystems under threat.",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.046,
          "weight_overall": 0.0120,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of direct work", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "covered",
          "response_text": "IMT Atlantique implements differentiated grounds management (gestion différenciée) on all three campuses, with surface areas validated by QGIS Lambert-93 cadastral analysis (May 2026): Brest 92,192 m² (9.22 ha = 40% of campus), Nantes 42,053 m² (4.21 ha = 32% of campus), Rennes 6,729 m² (0.67 ha = 28% of campus) — total 140,974 m² (36% of the institutional cadastral footprint of 387,645 m²). Direct ecosystem work includes: late mowing (after 15 September) on dedicated zones, free-evolution woodland patches (29,975 m² on Brest), hedge maintenance, biomass export from the Nantes campus late-mow zone (5 tonnes of semi-dry biomass exported in 2025 from 42,442 m² mown once a year), restoration of a forest pond on Nantes campus (autumn 2023, in partnership with Fédération des Amis de l'Erdre), and a soil de-sealing project on the Nantes campus rue Alfred Kastler (1,350 m², submitted October 2024 to Agence de l'Eau Loire-Bretagne and Fonds Vert). A ZNIEFF type II perimeter (Vallée de l'Erdre) covers 24,989 m² (2.50 ha = 19.2%) of the Nantes campus and is integrated in the management plan as a protected ecosystem under threat.",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-006", "E-SDG15-007", "E-SDG15-008", "E-SDG15-009", "E-SDG15-010"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 3, "justification": "Direct work (1) + specific quantified evidence per campus (1) + public on fredericpallu.com (1)." },
          "gap": null
        },
        {
          "id": "15.2.4",
          "label": "Educational programmes on ecosystems",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Offer educational programmes on ecosystems (looking at wild flora and fauna) for local or national communities.",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.046,
          "weight_overall": 0.0120,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of programmes (free access = 1 pt; charged = 0.25)", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "covered",
          "response_text": "IMT Atlantique runs a mandatory Transformation Écologique et Sociétale (TES) curriculum, delivered to all first-year engineering students at the Nantes campus (~200 students per year, 2023–2025). The biodiversity module includes a field session led by Jean-Marie Dréan (botanist, Bretagne Vivante) on campus flora and fauna. The curriculum is documented and citable: DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20126996. Student evaluation 2023–2024: 111 responses (56% participation rate); 88% rated the debriefing as clear; 77% found the biodiversity session interesting. Complementary educational formats: Climate Fresk co-facilitation (2023–2024, with train-the-trainer student deployment), Biodiversity Fresk (2024–2025, SDG 14–15), Planetary Boundaries Fresk (2024–2025). All programmes are free of charge for participants. Public documentation, including session materials and partner contacts, is available on fredericpallu.com/projets/imt_atlantique/formation_TES.html and /animation_TES.html.",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-011", "E-SDG15-012", "E-SDG15-013"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 3, "justification": "Free-access programmes for an entire cohort (1) + specific evidence with attendance, evaluation, DOI (1) + public (1)." },
          "gap": null
        },
        {
          "id": "15.2.5",
          "label": "Sustainable management of land for agriculture (educational outreach)",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Offer educational programme/outreach for local or national communities on sustainable management of land for agriculture.",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.023,
          "weight_overall": 0.0060,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of programmes (free access)", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "partial",
          "response_text": "Partial coverage. Pedagogical kitchen gardens are maintained on Brest (294 m²) and Nantes (564 m²) campuses as part of the differentiated grounds management. The Vigie-Nature PROPAGE pollinator protocol (Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle) is deployed on the three campuses with student involvement. A partnership with ONIRIS (veterinary and agronomy school, Nantes) on wild pollinators has been initiated. A formal community-facing programme on sustainable agriculture is not yet documented and remains to be developed.",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-014", "E-SDG15-015"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 1.5, "justification": "Existence partial (0.5) + general evidence (0.5) + public (0.5)." },
          "gap": "Develop a community-facing outreach format on campus pollinators / sustainable land management."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.2.6",
          "label": "Sustainable management of land for tourism (educational outreach)",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Offer educational programme/outreach for local or national communities on sustainable management of land for tourism.",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.023,
          "weight_overall": 0.0060,
          "coverage": "not_covered_by_contribution",
          "response_text": "Not applicable in the current scope. IMT Atlantique campuses are not tourist destinations and no sustainable-tourism outreach programme has been identified.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 0, "justification": "Not applicable." },
          "gap": "None expected — flagged for transparency."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "15.3",
      "title": "Supporting land ecosystems through action",
      "weight_in_sdg": 0.27,
      "weight_overall": 0.0702,
      "covered_by_this_contribution": true,
      "coverage_note": "Strong coverage for 15.3.2 (IUCN/threatened species monitoring) and 15.3.3 (biodiversity in planning). Covered for 15.3.1 and 15.3.5. Partial for 15.3.4 (alien species).",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "15.3.1",
          "label": "Sustainable use, conservation and restoration of land (policy)",
          "year": "in place by 2024",
          "question_text": "Have a policy to ensure the conservation, restoration and sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems associated with the university, in particular forests, mountains and drylands.",
          "max_points": 4,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.054,
          "weight_overall": 0.0140,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of policy", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Policy created or reviewed 2020–2024", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "covered",
          "response_text": "IMT Atlantique has a signed biodiversity policy dated 6 March 2023 (TES_Politique_Biodiversite_signee.pdf), an operational decline of the institutional Transformation Écologique et Sociétale (TES) policy framework adopted in January 2022 (TES_VF_janvier_2022.pdf, four strategic axes including preservation of species diversity and resources — SDG 14–15). The biodiversity policy applies across the three campuses (Brest, Nantes, Rennes) and is operationalised through differentiated grounds management plans formalised in QGIS (Lambert 93), with surfaces validated May 2026 and published on the institutional indicators page.",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-016", "E-SDG15-017", "E-SDG15-006"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 3, "justification": "Policy exists (1) + public PDF evidence (1) + 2023 (within 2020–2024 review window, 1). Evidence quality general → 0.5 on that criterion." },
          "gap": null
        },
        {
          "id": "15.3.2",
          "label": "Monitoring IUCN and other conservation species (policies)",
          "year": "in place by 2024",
          "question_text": "Have a policy to identify, monitor and protect any IUCN Red Listed species and national conservation list species with habits in areas affected by the operation of your university.",
          "max_points": 4,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.054,
          "weight_overall": 0.0140,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of policy", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Policy created or reviewed 2020–2024", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "covered",
          "response_text": "IMT Atlantique operates a systematic species-monitoring programme across the three campuses (Brest, Nantes, Rennes), using four national Vigie-Nature protocols co-ordinated by the Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN): PROPAGE (pollinators), STERF (butterflies), POPreptiles (reptiles, with reptile cover plates installed on the Nantes campus), and the LPO Garden Bird Count. Observations are recorded on iNaturalist under a dedicated project (Inventaire campus Brest Nantes Rennes IMT Atlantique): 1,038 observations / 432 species documented to date (914 obs / 375 sp at Nantes, 122 obs / 86 sp at Brest, 2 obs / 2 sp at Rennes). Notable species of conservation concern observed on the Nantes campus include the Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus) — first observation 2023 in a temporary pond, Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius) — first camera-trap observation November 2025, Tawny Owl (Strix aluco) — first observation November 2025 with a nest box installed, Aesculapian Snake (Zamenis longissimus) and Adder (Vipera aspis) under POPreptiles cover plates, and a Blue Hawker (Aeshna caerulea) larva in the restored forest pond. The Great Capricorn Beetle (Cerambyx cerdo, Annex II Habitats Directive) is monitored on campus oaks. The patrimonial value of observations is systematically cross-referenced against the regional Pays-de-la-Loire Red List, with TAXREF v18 reference (see /projets/stats_inaturalist/inat_valeur_patrimoniale.html).",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-018", "E-SDG15-019", "E-SDG15-020", "E-SDG15-021", "E-SDG15-022"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 3.5, "justification": "Documented monitoring policy (1) + highly specific species-level evidence with counts and dates (1) + public via iNaturalist project and dedicated patrimonial-value page (1) + active monitoring 2023–2026 (0.5)." },
          "gap": "Formalise the monitoring policy as a written cross-campus charter (currently an operational protocol — not a signed policy document)."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.3.3",
          "label": "Local biodiversity included in planning and development",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Include local biodiversity into any planning and development process (e.g. construction of new buildings).",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.054,
          "weight_overall": 0.0140,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of inclusion", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "covered",
          "response_text": "Local biodiversity is integrated in planning and development on the Nantes campus through two documented institutional mechanisms. (1) ZNIEFF type II perimeter (Vallée de l'Erdre): 24,989 m² (2.50 ha = 19.2%) of the Nantes campus is included in the regional ecological inventory and is mapped on the institutional plans page; the perimeter is taken into account in the differentiated grounds management plan. (2) Framework convention with Nantes Métropole (2025–2027): formal agreement including a section on ecological transformation and biodiversity preservation on the Nantes campus, with the metropolitan services (DPSG, green spaces). The integration is operationalised by QGIS Lambert-93 cartography of the campus, which identifies habitats, hedge networks, woodland patches and pond locations used in any future development planning. The signed biodiversity policy of 6 March 2023 mandates this integration on the three campuses.",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-010", "E-SDG15-016"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 2, "justification": "Documented integration in two institutional mechanisms (0.5) + specific evidence with surface and dated convention (1) + public on fredericpallu.com (0.5). The Nantes-only scope limits the score." },
          "gap": "Extend the planning integration mechanism to the Brest and Rennes campuses (similar conventions with the relevant local authorities)."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.3.4",
          "label": "Alien species impact reduction (policies)",
          "year": "in place by 2024",
          "question_text": "Have a policy to reduce the impact of alien species on campus.",
          "max_points": 4,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.054,
          "weight_overall": 0.0140,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of policy", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Policy created or reviewed 2020–2024", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "partial",
          "response_text": "Partial coverage. iNaturalist observations across campuses systematically record alien species using IUCN reference identifications. A dedicated alien-species impact-reduction policy is in development as part of the differentiated grounds management plans; the formal text is not yet public. Direction du Patrimoine to supply the operational policy when finalised.",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-018"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 1, "justification": "Monitoring exists via iNaturalist (0.5) + general evidence (0.25) + public (0.25). Policy not yet formalised." },
          "gap": "Finalise and publish the alien-species impact-reduction policy."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.3.5",
          "label": "Collaboration for shared land ecosystems",
          "year": "2024",
          "question_text": "Collaborate with the local community to maintain shared land ecosystems.",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.054,
          "weight_overall": 0.0140,
          "scoring_breakdown": [
            { "criterion": "Existence of collaboration", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence provided", "points": 1 },
            { "criterion": "Evidence is public", "points": 1 }
          ],
          "coverage": "covered",
          "response_text": "IMT Atlantique maintains multi-year partnership conventions with five regional conservation NGOs and one metropolitan authority: LPO (Refuge labelling, three-campus, current cycle 2025–2026), Bretagne Vivante – SEPNB (REGAIN charter, 15 November 2021, IMT Atlantique is the first French ESR institution accredited; labelling renewed annually by tacit renewal and documented in the Bretagne Vivante REGAIN newsletter of July 2023), GRETIA (entomological inventories, convention 28 August 2024, six field sessions June–August 2024), Fédération des Amis de l'Erdre (amphibian monitoring on Nantes campus pond network, convention 15 January 2023), and Nantes Métropole (framework convention 2025–2027 including a section on ecological transformation). Each convention has a signed public PDF accessible at /projets/imt_atlantique/references/. Joint scientific outputs include the bumblebee identification training session of 14 February 2026 (jointly led by Bretagne Vivante and GRETIA, contributing to the regional Pays-de-la-Loire Red List of bumblebees).",
          "evidence_ids": ["E-SDG15-001", "E-SDG15-002", "E-SDG15-003", "E-SDG15-004", "E-SDG15-005", "E-SDG15-024"],
          "estimated_score": { "value": 3, "justification": "Five named conventions with dated PDFs (1) + specific evidence (1) + public (1)." },
          "gap": null
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "15.4",
      "title": "Land-sensitive waste disposal",
      "weight_in_sdg": 0.23,
      "weight_overall": 0.0598,
      "covered_by_this_contribution": false,
      "coverage_note": "Outside scope of a biodiversity contribution. Water discharge, plastic waste and hazardous-materials policies are managed by IMT Atlantique facilities management (Direction du Patrimoine / HSE).",
      "questions": [
        {
          "id": "15.4.1",
          "label": "Water discharge guidelines and standards",
          "year": "in place by 2024",
          "question_text": "Have water quality standards and guidelines for water discharges (to uphold water quality in order to protect ecosystems, wildlife, and human health and welfare).",
          "max_points": 3,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.077,
          "weight_overall": 0.0200,
          "coverage": "not_covered_by_contribution",
          "response_text": "Not in scope of this contribution. Direction du Patrimoine / HSE.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": null, "justification": "Out of scope." },
          "gap": "Direction du Patrimoine / HSE."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.4.2",
          "label": "Policy on plastic waste reduction",
          "year": "in place by 2024",
          "question_text": "Have a policy on reducing plastic waste on campus.",
          "max_points": 4,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.0765,
          "weight_overall": 0.0199,
          "coverage": "not_covered_by_contribution",
          "response_text": "Not in scope of this contribution. Direction du Patrimoine.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": null, "justification": "Out of scope." },
          "gap": "Direction du Patrimoine."
        },
        {
          "id": "15.4.3",
          "label": "Policy on hazardous waste disposal",
          "year": "in place by 2024",
          "question_text": "Have a policy, process or practice on waste disposal covering hazardous materials.",
          "max_points": 4,
          "weight_in_sdg": 0.0765,
          "weight_overall": 0.0199,
          "coverage": "not_covered_by_contribution",
          "response_text": "Not in scope of this contribution. Direction du Patrimoine / HSE.",
          "evidence_ids": [],
          "estimated_score": { "value": null, "justification": "Out of scope." },
          "gap": "Direction du Patrimoine / HSE."
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "evidence": [
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-001",
      "title": "LPO Refuge labelling — three campuses (Brest, Nantes, Rennes), 2026-2029",
      "type": "partnership",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.1", "15.3.5"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references/Refuge_LPO_IMT_Atlantique_Campus_Brest_2026-2029.pdf",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "LPO Refuge labelling for all three campuses (Brest, Nantes, Rennes), renewed triennially since 2022. Current cycle 2026-2029, signed May 2026, with one dedicated convention per campus.",
      "partner_organisations": ["LPO Loire-Atlantique", "LPO France"],
      "year": "2026"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-002",
      "title": "Convention Bretagne Vivante — Charte REGAIN",
      "type": "partnership",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.1", "15.3.5"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references/Convention_BretagneVivante-IMT_Atlantique_Charte_Regain_2022%20signee.pdf",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "REGAIN charter signed 15 November 2021. IMT Atlantique is the first French higher-education institution accredited. The labelling is renewed annually by tacit renewal; the partnership and the actions carried out on the campuses are documented in the Bretagne Vivante REGAIN newsletter of July 2023 (see E-SDG15-024).",
      "partner_organisations": ["Bretagne Vivante – SEPNB"],
      "year": "2021",
      "date_iso": "2021-11-15"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-003",
      "title": "Convention GRETIA — entomological inventories",
      "type": "partnership",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.1", "15.3.2", "15.3.5"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references/CONVENTION_GRETIA_IMT_ATLANTIQUE_2023-2024_signee.pdf",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Entomological inventories (wild bees, butterflies, ladybirds). Six field sessions June–August 2024. PROPAGE transects deployed. Bilan report May 2025.",
      "partner_organisations": ["GRETIA"],
      "year": "2024",
      "date_iso": "2024-08-28"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-004",
      "title": "Convention Fédération des Amis de l'Erdre — pond monitoring",
      "type": "partnership",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.1", "15.3.5"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references/CONVENTION_IMT_Atl_Federation_des_amis_Erdre_janvier2023_signee.pdf",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Diagnosis and monitoring of campus pond network (amphibians, dragonflies). Palmate Newt and Blue Hawker observations.",
      "partner_organisations": ["Fédération des Amis de l'Erdre"],
      "species_mentioned": ["Lissotriton helveticus", "Aeshna caerulea"],
      "year": "2023",
      "date_iso": "2023-01-15"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-005",
      "title": "Bumblebee identification training session — regional Red List contribution",
      "type": "education",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.1", "15.3.5"],
      "url": "/projets/biodiversite_pdl/bourdons_pdl.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Joint training session 14 February 2026, 30+ volunteers from Bretagne Vivante, AER and GRETIA. Led by Gilles Mahé (Bretagne Vivante) and Baptiste Hubert (GRETIA). Contribution to the Pays-de-la-Loire bumblebee Red List.",
      "partner_organisations": ["Bretagne Vivante – SEPNB", "GRETIA", "AER"],
      "year": "2026",
      "date_iso": "2026-02-14"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-006",
      "title": "Differentiated grounds management — surfaces validated QGIS Lambert-93",
      "type": "land_management",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.3", "15.3.1"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/indicateurs.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Brest 92,192 m² (40% campus); Nantes 42,053 m² (32%); Rennes 6,729 m² (28%); total 140,974 m² = 36% of 387,645 m² institutional footprint.",
      "year": "2026",
      "date_iso": "2026-05-16",
      "quantitative_data": {
        "Brest_m2": 92192,
        "Nantes_m2": 42053,
        "Rennes_m2": 6729,
        "total_m2": 140974,
        "total_cadastre_m2": 387645,
        "share_percent": 36
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-007",
      "title": "Late mowing biomass export — Nantes campus",
      "type": "land_management",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.3"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/DDRS/",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "5 tonnes of semi-dry biomass exported in 2025 from 42,442 m² mown once a year (late-mow zone, Nantes campus).",
      "year": "2025"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-008",
      "title": "Forest pond restoration — Nantes campus (autumn 2023)",
      "type": "land_management",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.3"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/actions_biodiversite.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Reprofiling, embankment management, habitat diversification — in partnership with Fédération des Amis de l'Erdre.",
      "partner_organisations": ["Fédération des Amis de l'Erdre"],
      "year": "2023"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-009",
      "title": "Soil de-sealing project — Nantes campus, rue Alfred Kastler",
      "type": "land_management",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.3"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/actions_biodiversite.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "1,350 m² de-sealing project submitted October 2024 to Agence de l'Eau Loire-Bretagne and Fonds Vert.",
      "year": "2024",
      "date_iso": "2024-10-01"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-010",
      "title": "ZNIEFF type II Vallée de l'Erdre — Nantes campus inclusion",
      "type": "planning",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.3", "15.3.3"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/plans.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "24,989 m² (2.50 ha = 19.2% of campus) of the Nantes campus is included in the regional ZNIEFF type II Vallée de l'Erdre perimeter.",
      "year": "2024",
      "quantitative_data": {
        "surface_m2": 24989,
        "share_percent": 19.2
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-011",
      "title": "Mandatory TES curriculum — biodiversity module, Nantes",
      "type": "education",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.4"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/formation_TES.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Transformation Écologique et Sociétale curriculum. ~200 first-year students per year (2023–2025). Field session led by Jean-Marie Dréan (Bretagne Vivante). DOI 10.5281/zenodo.20126996. 2023–2024 student evaluation: 111 responses (56% participation), 88% clear debriefing, 77% interesting biodiversity session.",
      "partner_organisations": ["Bretagne Vivante – SEPNB"],
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-012",
      "title": "Climate Fresk, Biodiversity Fresk, Planetary Boundaries Fresk",
      "type": "education",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.4"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/animation_TES.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Collaborative workshops 2023–2025, free of charge, train-the-trainer student deployment. Climate Fresk co-animated 2023–2024; Biodiversity Fresk 2024–2025 (SDG 14–15); Planetary Boundaries Fresk 2024–2025.",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-013",
      "title": "Inter-semester biodiversity module — Brest",
      "type": "education",
      "campus": ["Brest"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.4"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/formation_TES.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Inter-semester module on Earth-system sciences and biodiversity, with Arnaud Agranier (UBO) and Louis Géli (Ifremer).",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-014",
      "title": "Pedagogical kitchen gardens — Brest, Nantes",
      "type": "education",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.5"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/plans.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Kitchen gardens: Brest 294 m², Nantes 564 m². Integrated in differentiated grounds management.",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-015",
      "title": "PROPAGE pollinator protocol (MNHN/Vigie-Nature)",
      "type": "monitoring",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.5", "15.3.2"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/indicateurs.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "PROPAGE national pollinator monitoring protocol deployed on the three campuses. Co-ordinated by Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle.",
      "partner_organisations": ["MNHN", "Vigie-Nature"],
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-016",
      "title": "IMT Atlantique biodiversity policy — signed 6 March 2023",
      "type": "policy",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.1"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references/TES_Politique_Biodiversite_signee.pdf",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Signed biodiversity policy. Operational decline of the TES framework. Covers the three campuses.",
      "year": "2023",
      "date_iso": "2023-03-06"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-017",
      "title": "TES institutional policy framework — January 2022",
      "type": "policy",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.1"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references/TES_VF_janvier_2022.pdf",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Transformation Écologique et Sociétale policy framework — four strategic axes including preservation of species diversity and resources (SDG 14–15).",
      "year": "2022",
      "date_iso": "2022-01-01"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-018",
      "title": "iNaturalist campus monitoring project",
      "type": "monitoring",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.2", "15.3.4"],
      "url": "https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/inventaire-campus-brest-nantes-rennes-imt-atlantique",
      "self_contained": false,
      "description": "Dedicated iNaturalist project: 1,038 observations / 432 species. Nantes 914 obs / 375 sp; Brest 122 obs / 86 sp; Rennes 2 obs / 2 sp.",
      "year": "2026",
      "quantitative_data": {
        "total_observations": 1038,
        "total_species": 432,
        "Brest_obs": 122, "Brest_sp": 86,
        "Nantes_obs": 914, "Nantes_sp": 375,
        "Rennes_obs": 2, "Rennes_sp": 2
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-019",
      "title": "Vigie-Nature MNHN protocols — STERF, POPreptiles, LPO Garden Bird Count",
      "type": "monitoring",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.2"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/indicateurs.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Four national protocols co-ordinated by MNHN/Vigie-Nature: PROPAGE (pollinators), STERF (butterflies), POPreptiles (reptiles, with cover plates on Nantes campus), LPO Garden Bird Count.",
      "partner_organisations": ["MNHN", "Vigie-Nature", "LPO"],
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-020",
      "title": "First observations of patrimonial species — Nantes campus 2023–2025",
      "type": "monitoring",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.2"],
      "url": "/projets/stats_inaturalist/inat_valeur_patrimoniale.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Palmate Newt (Lissotriton helveticus, 2023); Black Woodpecker (Dryocopus martius, Nov 2025, camera trap); Tawny Owl (Strix aluco, Nov 2025, nest box installed); Aesculapian Snake (Zamenis longissimus) and Adder (Vipera aspis) under POPreptiles cover plates; Blue Hawker larva (Aeshna caerulea) in restored forest pond.",
      "species_mentioned": ["Lissotriton helveticus", "Dryocopus martius", "Strix aluco", "Zamenis longissimus", "Vipera aspis", "Aeshna caerulea"],
      "year": "2025"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-021",
      "title": "Great Capricorn Beetle monitoring — Nantes campus oaks",
      "type": "monitoring",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.2"],
      "url": "/projets/stats_inaturalist/inat_valeur_patrimoniale.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Cerambyx cerdo (Annex II Habitats Directive) monitored on campus oaks via iNaturalist observations and cavity surveys on the institutional tree inventory.",
      "species_mentioned": ["Cerambyx cerdo"],
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-022",
      "title": "Patrimonial value cross-reference — Pays-de-la-Loire Red List",
      "type": "monitoring",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.2"],
      "url": "/projets/stats_inaturalist/inat_valeur_patrimoniale.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Systematic cross-reference of observations against the regional Pays-de-la-Loire Red List with TAXREF v18 nomenclature.",
      "year": "2024"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-023",
      "title": "Nantes Métropole framework convention (2025–2027)",
      "type": "partnership",
      "campus": ["Nantes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.3.3", "15.3.5"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references.html",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Framework convention 2025–2027 between IMT Atlantique and Nantes Métropole including a section on ecological transformation and biodiversity preservation on the Nantes campus, with the metropolitan services (DPSG, green spaces).",
      "partner_organisations": ["Nantes Métropole"],
      "year": "2025"
    },
    {
      "id": "E-SDG15-024",
      "title": "Bretagne Vivante REGAIN newsletter — July 2023 (IMT Atlantique featured)",
      "type": "partnership",
      "campus": ["Brest", "Nantes", "Rennes"],
      "the_questions": ["15.2.1", "15.3.5"],
      "url": "/projets/imt_atlantique/references/BretagneVivante_Lettre_Regain_juillet2023.pdf",
      "self_contained": true,
      "description": "Bretagne Vivante – SEPNB REGAIN programme newsletter (July 2023) featuring IMT Atlantique among the accredited REGAIN sites. Independent partner evidence that the REGAIN labelling (opened by the 2022 charter) is active and renewed annually by tacit renewal, documenting the grounds-management and monitoring actions carried out on the three campuses.",
      "partner_organisations": ["Bretagne Vivante – SEPNB"],
      "year": "2023",
      "date_iso": "2023-07-01"
    }
  ]
}
